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PASS Theory: The CAS2 measures four neurocognitive processes — Planning, Attention-Arousal, Simultaneous, and Successive — derived from Luria's neuropsychological model. Unlike CHC batteries, the CAS2 evaluates cognitive processes, making it especially informative for students with learning disabilities, ADHD, and other neurodevelopmental profiles (Naglieri, Das & Goldstein, 2014).