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Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing, 2nd Ed.

Enter CTOPP-2 composite standard scores to generate a phonological processing profile narrative with 95% confidence intervals, PA–RN discrepancy analysis, and evidence-based reading/SLD recommendations.

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Phonological Processing Assessment: The CTOPP-2 (Wagner, Torgesen, Rashotte & Pearson, 2013) is the primary instrument for identifying phonological processing deficits underlying reading disabilities. It measures Phonological Awareness, Phonological Memory, and Rapid Naming — the three core phonological constructs predictive of reading development. Critical for SLD identification under IDEA.
Assessment Form
Ages 7–24 form includes Rapid Non-Symbolic Naming and Alternate Phonological Awareness composites.
Student Information
Core Composite Scores All three required
Standard Score scale: Mean = 100, SD = 15 (typical range 40–160). Enter CTOPP-2 composite standard scores for all three core phonological constructs.
Core · All Ages
Phonological Awareness
PA Composite
Ability to analyze and manipulate phoneme structure of spoken words (Elision, Blending Words, Phoneme Isolation).
Core · All Ages
Phonological Memory
PM Composite
Short-term phonological working memory (Memory for Digits, Nonword Repetition). Supports word learning and following verbal directions.
Core · All Ages
Rapid Symbolic Naming
RSN Composite
Speed of naming letters/digits in rapid succession. Reflects phonological retrieval automaticity — key predictor of reading fluency.
Additional Composites Ages 7–24 Only
These composites are available on the Ages 7–24 form only. Leave blank if not administered or not applicable.
Additional · 7–24
Rapid Non-Symbolic Naming
RNSN Composite
Speed of naming colors and objects — non-symbolic RAN measuring general naming speed independent of symbol-sound knowledge.
Additional · 7–24
Alternate Phonological Awareness
APA Composite
PA measure using nonword stimuli (Blending Nonwords, Segmenting Nonwords) — reduces vocabulary and reading instruction influence.
Subtest Scaled Scores Optional
▶ Expand to Enter Subtest Scores — optional; adds subtest-level detail to the report
Scaled Score scale: Mean = 10, SD = 3 (typical range 1–19). Enter any subtest scores administered. Subtests marked with 7–24 are only available on the Ages 7–24 form.
Phonological Awareness Subtests
Elision
Remove phoneme units from spoken words. All ages.
Blending Words
Combine phoneme segments into words. All ages.
Phoneme Isolation 7–24
Identify specific phonemes in words. Ages 7–24.
Phonological Memory Subtests
Memory for Digits
Forward digit span. All ages.
Nonword Repetition
Repeat phonologically complex nonwords. All ages.
Rapid Symbolic Naming Subtests 7–24
Rapid Digit Naming 7–24
Name digits rapidly. Key predictor of reading fluency.
Rapid Letter Naming 7–24
Name letters rapidly. Most directly linked to reading fluency.
Rapid Non-Symbolic Naming Subtests
Rapid Color Naming
Name colors rapidly. All ages — non-symbolic RAN.
Rapid Object Naming
Name objects rapidly. All ages — non-symbolic RAN.
Alternate Phonological Awareness Subtests 7–24
Blending Nonwords 7–24
Blend phoneme segments of nonsense words.
Segmenting Nonwords 7–24
Segment nonsense words into phonemes.